b. A dozen inexperienced backpackers are preparing to settle in for the night when they realize that someone in the group is missing. With bureaucracys emphasis on technical efficiency, organizations adhering to bureaucratic elements and assumptions may create a sense of bureaucratic impersonality or the loss of individual freedom, as Weber warned (Maley 2004). Passive representation occurs when the demographics of the bureaucracys employees mirror the demographics of those they serve; active representation assumes that shared values arising from passive representation will produce actions that are more beneficial to the clients in question (Meier and Nicholson-Crotty 2006, 851). c. democratic He is, refused shelter for the night because he arrived late. As the name makes clear, human rights designates individuals as rights holders. Similarly, McGregor (1957) established Theory Y management as an alternative to the Theory X approach, which focused on giving orders and coercion for employees to perform. United Nations Sustainable Development Group, From the right to development to the rights-based approach: How human rights entered development. Thus, written rules may not end up in consistent compliance, and they, and resulting behaviors, may not be compatible with the human rights principles of nondiscrimination, transparency and accountability, access, and agency by underrepresented groups. Further, research on street-level bureaucracy and administrative burdens suggests that rules may be applied or bent to both benefit or disadvantage clients. b. c. outgroups Training on HRBA and program and meta-evaluations have been shown to increase human rights and equity practices, especially regarding engagement with stakeholders (both internal and external), systematic commitment to equity, and in finding new ways of interconnection (Schmitz 2012). Literature on rules provide evidence that rules can impact individuals in different waysred tape can have detrimental effects on employee well-being, and rule behaviors can vary, creating potential inconsistencies for bureaucracies, employees, and even clients. ___________ refers to a violation of law or the commission of a status offense (such as cutting school or running away from home) by young people. b. a. It may be voluntary or involuntary. Sociologists would term them a(n) __________. Editorial. d. friends going out to dinner together, b. teachers in a school district who work together to demand better wages, __________ needs are met by opportunities of self-expression and support from family, friends, and peers. a. Human rights enter public organizations therefore in two ways: (1) through the fact that bureaucracies consist of individuals who are entitled to their human rights; and (2) in that bureaucracies represent the state as a duty holder that has an obligation to protect, promote, and implement human rights. Whereas Weber sought to describe characteristics of bureaucracy and, arguably, how to make it most efficient, these others sought to understand people within those organizations. These rights are inalienable and universal, which means that people are entitled to them by virtue of being human, regardless of race, sex, gender, language, religion, national or ethnic origin, property, political opinion, disability, or any other status (Art. A college president need not be effective in designing promotional brochures. Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts. reference groups This may limit access to the HRBA principles of empowerment, participation, and access. succumbing to group pressure is less common than many people would like to believe Alternatively, women and people of color rely upon the rules to solidify their status and power; they use the rules from the start. A strict wall separates the sphere of the office from the realm of the family. c. George H. Mead normative Expressive a greater emphasis on sharing ideas and problem-solving approaches. Equity in this context is grounded in distributive justice and strives to create equality of opportunity and to counter suppression or marginalization based on specific characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, age, disability, or socioeconomic status. . A human rights framework can be used to evaluate processes and organization of institutions and their outcomes to see whether they represent fundamental human rights principles such as nondiscrimination, equity, and justice. Knowing how well-oiled the Singaporean public state machine is, I, of course, warn him about expecting to find the same level of public service in a country that is far bigger and less rigidly governed than his own. c. outgroup 1968), and organizations with more written rules are considered to be more formalized than those with fewer written rules. c. category a. Indeed, Portillo, Bearfield, and Humphrey (2020) find, too, that commitments to merit and performance at the local level in the United States reinforce inequities and discrimination by clinging to neutral treatment of employees. (Hint: First determine which are the independent and dependent variables.). Black or blue: Racial profiling and representative bureaucracy, Merit by any other nameRefraining the civil service first principle. Freedom of association needs to be granted for participation to be successful. d. expressive, A(n) __________ is an organizational model characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules and procedures, and impersonality in personal matters. Inconsistent application of rules may also increase rule deviation (Borry et al. a. These examples illustrate __________ in a bureaucratic organization. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes, The tendency for a bureaucracy to be ruled by the few is termed. These organizational practices and attributes have become so engrained in public bureaucracies, it could be assumed that they are, regardless of implementation, considered the best way or the one-size-fits-all approach to organize or understand public organizations (and, in some ways, private ones). rationality Transitional occurs only in totalitarian situations Elton Mayos Hawthorne studies of the 1920s first set out to understand whether lighting conditions affected worker productivity; what they found was that employees performed better when they felt a part of a team and that their work was important to the organization and its leaders (Roby 2012). b. A person's class (socioeconomic status based on a person's education, occupation, and income) is the most significant predictor of whether a person will participate in a mainstream __________ organization.. c. secondary From Rishi's perspective, the reading group is an example of a(n) __________. groupthink Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy . Modern human rights emerged in the second part of the 20th century in response to the horrors of the Second World War and the Holocaust, but find their roots in the moral concept of natural rights and philosophical debates of the European Enlightenment. From a ________ perspective, schools are responsible for teaching students to be productive members of society. Oh no, I said to myself, as I prepared to read a rant against the dysfunctional labyrinths of the Philippine bureaucracy. Group conformity c. primary group the organizational chart for a bureaucracy Katy is a member of the literature club in her college, but she neither accepts nor follows the values and norms of the club. The International Journal of Human Rights, Unbureaucratic behavior among street-level bureaucrats: The case of the German state police, Obtrusive, obstinate and conspicuous: Red tape from a Heideggerian perspective, International Journal of Organizational Analysis, Putting the rights-based approach to development into perspective, FREDA: A human rights-based approach to healthcare, Green tape: A theory of effective organizational rules, Creating effective rules in public sector organizations, In praise of bureaucracy: Weber-organization-ethics, A review of the impact of the human rights in healthcare programme in England and Wales, The human rights-based approach to development: The right to water, Red tape, organizational performance, and employee outcomes: Meta-analysis, meta-regression, and research agenda. That is why in societies like ours, it has become customary for people to seek the help of patrons even when they dont really need one. d. may encourage social cohesion among group members, d. may encourage social cohesion among group members, In his study of conformity, Solomon Asch found that __________. In his study of bureaucracies, Weber relied on an abstract model that describes the recurring characteristics of some phenomenon (such as bureaucracy). d. aggregate, Which of these sociologists applied ideal type analysis and borrowed from the field of economics to study bureaucracies? Broadly, rules, when they beget compliance, lead to consistent behavior by those in the organization. Peter is a likeable bloke with a hearing problem and a ready smile. The sociologist who first defined the differences between primary and secondary groups is __________. c. Obedience Which of these is not one of them? The focus on efficiency, one-size-fits-all neutral approaches, and the lack of effective opportunities for employees to participate in a meaningful and empowered way shows that bureaucracies are not compatible with human rights. c. impersonality 6. c. instrumental group Within a bureaucracy, leaders have access to information that others in the organization do not have. To many __________, groups and organizations are generally characterized by superficiality and depthlessness in social relationships. Dyad v Triad. a. 2019, 238). Here, we address how current applications of bureaucratic elementsmerit and neutrality, as well as bureaucratic rulesmay not respect human rights. They trace the history of institutional myths of merit at the local government level and find that they betray the notion of neutrality: the myth around the origins of the civil service system masked inequalities built into early testing requirements and institutionalized racial inequalities in hiring practices (Portillo et al. Such emphasis may dehumanize both those within the organizations, including leaders and employees, and those the organization serves. 2018). c. 300 a. social boundaries Formalization can be considered an organizations physiology (Bozeman and Scott 1996) or skeleton (Borry 2016), whereas red tape can be viewed as an organizations pathology (Bozeman and Scott 1996) or disease (Borry 2016). b. Joaquin is a member of a group working on a project for his biology class. c. dyad The psychological process view of bureaucratic red tape. A(n) __________ is an organizational model characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules and procedures, and impersonality in personal matters. The organization of bureaucracies according to specialization implies that individuals will also have specialized knowledge and technical expertise (or, merit). a. Further, special attention needs to be given to indirect discrimination (e.g., policies and actions that lead to inequality based on gender- or race-based blindness). Self-fulfilling prophecy a. The bureaucratic tendency toward rule by the few is termed __________. d. secondary group, Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes________________________. We did not focus on how government bureaucracies further (or hinder) human rights implementation as they serve the public or how bureaucracies that are tasked with safeguarding human rights do so. Through the introduction of the HRBA and analysis of bureaucratic characteristics, specifically those related to merit and neutrality and to rules, we show how the core principles of bureaucracy may not be contributing to standards of equity and the upholding of human rights. The sociologist who first defined the differences between primary and secondary groups is __________., Which of these sociologists first suggested that small groups have interaction patterns that do not exist in larger groups? a. informal group iron law of oligarchy. American Civil Liberties Union b. d. informal structure, The sociologist who first defined the differences between primary and secondary groups is __________. b. 7 First, rules that are perceived as red tape can have detrimental impacts on an employees quality of work and life. It helps identify the most vulnerable and marginalized and allows for inclusion and participation not just on the surface, but in the structure of the organization. c. groupthink a. b. b. __________ leadership is most appropriate when the groups purpose is to complete a task or reach a particular goal. Applying the terms for problems that are frequent within bureaucracy, this is an example of __________, Let Quiz 3/Business - Business Communications, Criminal Justice - Crime Violence and Schools QuixDoc 2, Quiz Facts 8. B. greater responsibility for organizational leaders. b. People are most likely to feel empathy towards members of their in-group, but not towards members of their out-group, even when groups are assigned arbitrarily. Webers bureaucracy theorywhich was originally published in the early 1920s and translated into English in 1946has made many contributions to public administration literature. The company is subject to a 40% tax rate and must pay$64,000 in preferred stock dividends before distributing any earnings on A kind word for Theory X: Or why so many newfangled management techniques quickly fail. democracy Our family, close friends, and school- or work-related peer groups are examples of, A situation in which people disengage from social roles that have been central to their self-identity is known as, Let Quiz 3/Business - Business Communications, Criminal Justice - Crime Violence and Schools QuixDoc 2, Quiz Facts 8. a. Whenever the group meets, there is conflict among several group members, and this is upsetting to the others. outgroup a. Promoting diversity and inclusion in the federal workforce: Executive order 13583 and demographic trends, Formalization and consistency heighten organizational rule following: Experimental and survey evidence, The attitudinal, behavioral, and performance outcomes of work engagement: A comparative meta-analysis across the public, semipublic, and private sector. The economic results of cooperatives have been mixed; some are more profitable than private organizations, some are less. Which of these is not a step in the process of the looking-glass self? She, however, follows the norms and values portrayed by the members of her college sorority because she wants to become a member of the sorority. Posted By : / forehand serve skill cues in badminton /; Under :lawrenceville school acceptance rate 2020lawrenceville school acceptance rate 2020 b. Transitional A behavior, belief, or condition that violates significant social norms in the society or group in which it occurs is termed. Appropriate emotions for a given role or situation, Answer: B. Sociologist Amitai Etzioni classified formal organizations into three categories. Implementing an HRBA approach means a first step in compliance with essential international human rights standards, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and other international human rights laws. a. a more rigid hierarchical structure b. a reduction in the amount of informal activity c. helping employees focus on work d. a greater emphasis on sharing information. 15. Here is that letters last paragraph: Amazingclaim submitted, processed, and payment received in one morning. d. efforts to reduce the number of people in dead-end jobs. The perspective developed by Erving Goffman that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation is called. laissez-faire A homeless man appears at the door of a shelter 10 minutes after the deadline for intake. Cognitive Psychology - Memory. this research raises some questions concerning research ethics A number of people who may never have met one another but share a similar characteristic, such as education level, age, race, or gender, is called a(n) __________. This model is called a(n) __________. Duty holder is usually the state as it is defined by international law (e.g., countries such as the USA or Mexico). b. Which of the following terms did German political sociologist Robert Michels use to refer to the tendency of a bureaucracy to be ruled by the few? a. cooperative Sociologists term this awareness __________. Mention the word bureaucracy, and people are likely to take it as a detested term for long delays, inefficiency, clerical ineptness, petty arrogance, and lack of empathy. d. formal others, Joaquin is a member of a group working on a project for his biology class. (for example between employees and customers in a fast-food restaurant)? a. Expressive However, adopting a HRBA approach can offer important opportunities. d. category, Women with blue eyes, people who wear contact lenses, people over 7 feet tall, and college men who belong to a fraternity are each an example of a(n) __________. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes. c. Max Weber part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes. Designing a bureaucratic environment with particular attention to structural inequalities and vulnerabilities leads to a more human rights-friendly environment focused on nondiscrimination and equality. They can counteract negative tendencies in bureaucratic processes geared toward efficiency and dismantle the structures of discrimination which drive poverty and inequality. Joe would be considered the __________ leader of the group. Overall, this impacts employees ability to participate in decision-making processes and determine their own affairs. Notably, we acknowledge that human rights are afforded not just to bureaucratsor employeesbut also to those that bureaucracies serve, but focus our critique on how the HRBA applies to those within the bureaucracy. bureaucracy INQUIRER.net wants to hear from you! affiliation Similarly, the use of human rights language has shown to contribute to individual empowerment and agency for underrepresented groups and foster more substantive visions of justice, provide a moral framework, and a common language to express core values of the organization with regards to equity (Ignatieff 2001). c. the CEO or other person who comes to be associated with a bureaucratic organization b. reference group secondary group An individual is removed from their position on the receiving end and can actively pursue what is their right. d. triad, Total institutions, such as boot camps, prisons, and some mental hospitals, are examples of __________ organizations. a. a more rigid hierarchical structure b. a greater emphasis on sharing information c. helping employees focus on work d. a reduction in the amount of informal activity 39. an employee who is more concerned with following the rules than getting the job done. c. a couple with a new baby, increasing the size of the family Applying the terms for problems that are frequent. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. Two tenets of bureaucracy are related to rules: management by ruleswhich relates to the organization of the officeand the requirement for written rules that can be learned (Weber 1946). a. Relative A component of a formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency: Which definition describes the term emotional labor? a. postmodern theorists Notably, perceptions of red tape can be impacted by perceptions of organizational structure, including centralization and hierarchy, elements related to Webers bureaucracy. Given discussed critiques by the human relations movement and representative bureaucracy that bring employees back to the fore, we questioned whether these characteristics are compatible with the growing recognition of human rights. c. Relational d. Groupthink, Social psychologist __________ examined group decision making among political experts and found that major blunders in U.S. history may be attributed to pressure toward group conformity. The ideal type bureaucracymeant to identify elements of a typical bureaucracyis characterized by Weber (1946, 1968) as including: Specialization: fixed and official jurisdictional areas, Hierarchy: firmly ordered system of super- and sub-ordination, Organization in writing: management based upon written documents, Technical proficiency: office management usually presupposes thorough and expert training, Sole occupation: official activity demands the full working capacity of the official, Written rules: management of the office follows general rules, which are more or less stable, more or less exhaustive, and which can be learned. Joaquin is continuously trying to improve group harmony and reduce the conflict in the group. b. fad diffusion, "Bureaucratic personality" refers to_____________________________, Are political coalitions made up of individuals or groups that share a specific interest they wish to protect or advance with the help of the political system. HRBA has been developed mostly in the context of international development (Broberg and Sano 2018; Cornwall and Nyamu-Musembi 2004; Filmer-Wilson 2005; Uvin 2007) and health (Dyer 2015, Curtice and Exworthy 2010; Gruskin, Bogecho, and Ferguson 2010; Hunt, Ely, and Bustreo 2015; London 2008), but it has become more common to view processes and institutions through a human rights lens in other parts of social science such as social work (Androff 2015; Ife 2012) and psychology (Patel 2019). Human rights and social work: Towards rights-based practice, Building bridges over troubled waters: Merit as a guide, Training, empowerment, and creating a culture for change, More than pathological formalization: Understanding organizational structure and red tape, Lipstick and logarithms: Gender, institutional context, and representative bureaucracy, Representative bureaucracy: An interpretation of the British civil service. d. oligarchy, Members of a country club, sorority or fraternity, or even a group of friends share values and beliefs and are aware of those whom they believe are like them. d. reference group, In discussing primary and secondary groups, the text points out that__________________. b. c. conformity The __________ style of leadership would be most effective in this situation. a. The first part of this definition deals with equity within public organizations, and therefore implicates employees standing within bureaucracies. primary the degree of social cohesion felt by participants is very important regarding how individuals respond to group pressure, According to sociologist George Ritzer, __________ refers to a world of no surprises. A(n) __________ is a group to which a person belongs and with which the person feels a sense of identity.. Bureaucratic personality refers to_____________________________. c. transition Merit was a driving force for public sector hiring in the United States before Webers work was translated into English. b. bureaucracy, specific form of organization defined by complexity, division of labour, permanence, professional management, hierarchical coordination and control, strict chain of command, and legal authority. fit with the concept of ingroup as well as the others? b. Please try again. They argue that these negative impacts can increase alienation and powerlessness (Blom et al.

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