It is thought, furthermore, that his ministry fell in the years when the high priest Jehoiada acted as regent for the child king Joash (2 Kings 11:17 to 12:2), which fact would explain why the king is not mentioned anywhere in the book, while at the same time the Temple service flourished. Several of the prophets messages are dated exactly, and the last of these dated prophetic messages was received in the 27th year of Ezekiels captivity (chapter 29:17), 571/70. Nations that had known nothing of the true God would run to Jerusalem because of the manifest evidence of divine blessing that attended Israel (chapter 55:5). Mormons have distinctive beliefs on what a prophet is. That which God purposed to do for the world through Israel, the chosen nation, He will finally accomplish through His church on earth to-day. These repeated Messianic predictions were designed to lift the eyes of the people from the transitory events of their own time to the coming of Messiah and the establishment of His eternal kingdom, in order to afford them a view of the things of time in the light of eternity. This article surveys the fundamental problem of the interpretation of the prophetic portions of the Old Testament in terms of their message to Israel of old and to the church today. This count was 48 male and 7 female Prophets.. Of course, there is much debate about who is included in the list. Some of these prophets only have their words recorded in Kings or Chronicles, while others have their words recorded elsewhere in the Bible (usually the book name is the prophets name). The profound conviction that the messages of the prophets had been fulfilled led many to believe in Christ as the Son of God. Though, on the whole, literal Israel failed to realize her exalted destiny, the chosen race did make a worth-while, though imperfect, contribution to the preparation of the world for the first advent of the Messiah (see on Matthew 2:1). Select all the topics you most frequently turn to the Bible to get help with: The Bible Gateway Blog features the latest news, announcements, and reflections from Bible Gateway. Click on the difference category captions to meet out more. Indeed, this secondary application is for us today the more significant. Israels unwillingness to submit to the restrictions and requirements of God, prevented them, to a great extent, from reaching the high standard He desired them to attain, and from receiving the blessings He was ready to bestow upon them. The postexilic view.The absence of any reference to a king of Judah or to Assyria or Babylon, the reference to the hostility of Tyre and Sidon, and the mention of Greeks have been taken by some commentators as evidence for a postexilic date for Joel. The plan itself never changes because God never changes. Solomon's, so that we have a scale of increasing year numbers. To the very last, Christ would have averted the doom of the Jewish nation if the people had received Him. Inasmuch as it is possible to date the kings of Judah and Israel, especially the later ones, with comparatively high accuracy, the various reigns during which these sixteen prophets ministered have been entered in this chart according to the tentative chronology used in this commentary. Prophecies that fall into the latter classification are to be fulfilled in principle but not necessarily in every detail, owing to the fact that many details of prophecy were concerned with Israel as a literal nation situated in the land of Palestine. Log in, Chart of Old Testament Prophets and Kings, timeline of Old Testament prophets and kings, David, great goodness and great sins, yet always a man after Gods own heart, Samuel and Saul, the importance of listening to God & how to do it, Judges & Ruth, My Way or Gods Way, how to live the best way, How to Correctly Understand & Apply Bible Stories & Biblical Narratives, The Book of Joshua, 9 Lessons on how to fight and win in the battles of life, Chart of Old Testament Prophets and Kingswhere they fit in history, NEW for 2023 Reading Schedules through the Bible in Chronological Historical order, plus free journaling pages, Intro & Overview of Old Testament Prophets, little understood, incredibly important, Joshua: How to fight and win in the battles of life, Deuteronomy: Gods love and how we should live in response. Any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form is prohibited other than the following: You may print or download to a local hard disk extracts for your personal use only. All that had been promised might yet come to pass if they would only love and serve Him (Zechariah 6:15; cf. See also Jewish history which includes links to individual country histories. Yet many of the promises, particularly those concerning the giving of the gospel to the nations and the establishment of the Messianic kingdom, could not be fulfilled to them because of their unfaithfulness, but would be fulfilled to the church on earth preparatory to Christs return, particularly to Gods remnant people, and in the new earth. 4:3 with Amos 8:8; Hosea 4:15 with Amos 5:5; and Hosea 8:14 with Amos 2:5). lOWT)`~z|&`{AO b W/zx|2u?/l|{X&u~|j0[ZvwR^+=/{w_&vJ:( Far from becoming the light of the world, the Jews shut themselves away from the world as a safeguard against being seduced into idolatry (see Deuteronomy 11:26, 27; cf. Scholars differ widely in their views concerning the time of Joels ministry. Its messages show that it was written after the time of the kingdom of Judah, when a governor ruled over the country (chapter 1:8), a fact that points to the Persian period. 3. Any idea that the return of the Jews to their ancestral home, that is, to the new state of Israel, may in any way be related to Bible prophecy is without valid scriptural foundation. With the crucifixion of Christ they forever forfeited their special position as Gods chosen people. 1 Kings 8:41-43). Consideration is given to the role of literal Israel as Gods chosen people, to the way His plan for them was to have been accomplished, to the way in which it actually did work out, and to the eventual transfer of the privileges and responsibilities of literal Israel to spiritual Israel, that is, to the Christian church. To this can be added the mention of Greeks (chapter 3:6), who hardly played a role in Near Eastern history earlier than the 7th century. chapter 11:18). 4. Israel. They forfeited Gods blessing because of failure to fulfill His purpose in making them His chosen people, and thus brought ruin upon themselves. The futurist school ignores both the conditional element pervading predictive prophecy, clearly and emphatically proclaimed by the prophets themselves, and the specific statements of the New Testament that affirm that the privileges and responsibilities of ancient Israel have, in Christ, been transferred to the church. Ninevehs destruction, which came in 612, is referred to as a future event, indicating that Zephaniahs work preceded this date. Before the Israelites entered the Promised Land, God warned them not to forget that the blessings they were to enjoy there if they cooperated with Him would come as divine gifts (see Deuteronomy 8:7-14), not primarily as the result of their own wisdom and skill (verses 17-19). It would become an object lesson of the results of acting in harmony with moral, as with natural, law. This fact weakens the arguments for such a late date. Literal Jews may still find salvation by being grafted into spiritual Israel, in precisely the same way that Gentiles are to be grafted in (verses 23, 24). The glory that distinguished the early part of the reign of Solomon was due in part to his own faithfulness during that time, and in part to the fact that his father David had seemed to appreciate fully Israels exalted privileges and responsibilities (see Psalms 51:10, 11; Isaiah 55:3; cf. Map Store - Download High-Res Maps and Images, 2023, Bible History | All rights reserved, Bibliography Resources on the Old Testament, Jeroboam II to Hoshea (Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz), to the Jews Before and During the Captivity. A clear understanding of these aspects of the problem is essential to the formulation of a valid procedure for interpreting the messages of the Old Testament prophets. Most of them left chronological data by which the duration of their ministry can be determined, at least approximately. The prophets thus provided a firm foundation for the faith of the apostolic church and made a direct and vital contribution to the Christian faith. If you refuse cookies we will remove all set cookies in our domain. After the murder of Gedaliah, the new governor of Judea, the Jews of Mizpah, fearing the revenge of Nebuchadnezzar, went to Egypt and took with them Jeremiah as well as his secretary Baruch (chapter 43:6). From the visible their minds were to be directed to the invisible, from the seen to the unseen, from the material to the spiritual, from the temporal to the eternal. It is important to note that all the Old Testament promises looking forward to a time of restoration for the Jews were given in anticipation of their return from captivity (see Isaiah 10:24-34; 14:1-7; 27:12, 13; 40:2; 61:4-10; Jeremiah 16:14-16; 23:3-8; 25:11; 29:10-13; 30:3-12; 32:7-27, 37-44; Ezekiel 34:11-15; 37; Amos 9:10-15; Micah 2:12, 13; etc.). It was their unwillingness to submit to the restrictions and requirements of God that prevented them, to a great extent, from reaching the high standard which He desired them to attain, and from receiving the blessings which He was ready to bestow upon them. And the Lord shall scatter thee among all people, from the one end of the earth even unto the other (Deuteronomy 28:63, 64). 6. Major Prophets: Isaiah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel. He played an important role during two momentous periods: (1) under Ahaz, during the war between Syria and Israel (chapters 7-11), and (2) under Hezekiah, during a siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib chapters 36; 37). By divine appointment the sacred writings were preserved, century after century, and Israel became their custodian (Amos 3:7; Romans 3:1, 2). Psalms 68:31. for more details of the individual monarchs and prophets. The Christian church is a spiritual nation scattered all over the world, and such details obviously could not apply to it in a literal sense. seem to refer to those recorded in 2 Kings 8:20-22 and 2 Chronicles 21:8-10, 16, while nothing points to the troubles caused by Hazael, as narrated in 2 Kings 12:17, 18 and 2 Chronicles 24:23, 24, it has been concluded that Joel gave his messages during the time lying between these two events. They were doing no positive good; therefore they were doing incalculable harm, and their influence became a savor of death. Living in a crisis period of his nation, Jeremiah was called to proclaim many messages of reproof and solemn predictions of doom over his people for their disobedience. Thus, for more than 1,500 years, a great experiment designed to test the relative merits of good and evil was conducted before the world. Not only is Malachi last in the sequential order of the prophets; it is also the last prophetic book produced in pre-Christian times. Since Josiah came to the throne as a child, he must have lived under a regent, which explains why no king is mentioned by Joel. 5. If chapter 52, a historical appendix, was written by the prophet, he must have lived until 561, when Jehoiachin was released from prison by King Evil-Merodach of Babylon (see chapter 52:31). This page and its content is copyright 2012. Desiring the same blessings for themselves, they would make inquiry as to how they too might acquire these obvious material advantages. Four eminent Hebrew prophets addressed themselves to the people of Israel and Judah in the latter half of the 8th pre-Christian century: Amos, Hosea, Micah, and Isaiah. Uzziah was sole king over Judah from 767 to 750, and Jeroboam over Israel from 782 to 753. Under Nebuchadnezzars successors Daniels service seems not to have been desired. Most of them are mentioned in the Bible, in either the prophetic or the historical books. Malachi 3:12), and their God the only true God (Isaiah 45:14). [3][4] Part of a serieson Isaiah was the great forerunner of the writers. During the siege, reprobate Israelites would be slain by their foes (Zechariah 13:8; 14:2). The Kings of Israel & Judah Why Study the Kings? DIVIDED KINGDOM c.930-c.586 BC From the internal strife that divided the nation of Israel to the prophets who warned of the coming exile. The prophet Hosea was a citizen of the northern kingdom of Israel, whose ruler, Jeroboam II, is called by the prophet, our king (chapters 1:1; 7:5). Bible Commentary / Produced by TOW Project, 10 Key Points About Work in the Bible Every Christian Should Know, Beyond Rank and Power: What Philemon Tells Us About Leadership, Learning From the Psalms How to Pray Through Your Work, Situating the Prophets in Israels History, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Since these providers may collect personal data like your IP address we allow you to block them here. The covenant with literal Israel proved faulty, not because God failed to carry out His part of the covenant, but rather because Israels fair promises proved evanescent as the morning dew (Hosea 6:4; 13:3; Hebrews 8:6, 7). Since the hostile acts of the heathen peoples committed against Judah (chapter 3:4 ff.) Its people were given no promise of complete restoration to their former power in Palestine. At the time of the Babylonian captivity God had specifically announced that that experience was not to mark a full end of Israel as Gods people (Jeremiah 4:27; 5:18; 46:28). Minor Prophets: Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi. Blogger Grid member Craig T. Owens (@craigtowens) created the helpful chart below delineating the Old Testament prophets and kings of Israel and Judah and has now updated it: [Sign up to receive in your inbox a free daily reading of the Old & New Testament from Bible Gateway]. Daniel 2:35). ), have never been and can never be fulfilled to them as a nation. Acts 1:6), to appear as a liberator and conqueror, and to exalt Israel to dominion over all nations (see on Luke 4:19). These cookies are strictly necessary to provide you with services available through our website and to use some of its features. Solomon made his great mistake when he failed to realize the secret of Israels prosperity, and with a few noteworthy exceptions, leaders and people sank lower and lower from generation to generation until apostasy was complete (Isaiah 3:12; 9:16; Jeremiah 5:1-5; 8:10; Ezekiel 22:23-31; Micah 3). They grasped at the material blessings so generously offered them, but refused the spiritual graces that would have transformed their lives and fitted them to be His representatives. For Haggai, the drought of the land and the ruin of the temple are inseparable. The accompanying chart enables the reader to study these prophets in their historical setting. Hearing of all the advantages with which the God of Israel had blessed His people and all the prosperity He had procured for them (Jeremiah 33:9), the pagan nations would admit that their own fathers had inherited lies (chapter 16:19). Jeremiah 49:14, 16), and Joel (Obadiah 15, 17; cf. One column provides a list of certain special events of this periodsome of a political nature, concerning the nations surrounding Israel and Judah, others of a domestic nature. The Temple was apparently rebuilt, and sacrifices were regularly offered at the time of the prophets activity (chapter 1:7-10). 3. Past, present, future: The nation of Israel has a timeline that was initiated when God called out Abraham to make a people for Himself. This leads us to conclude that Malachis work may have followed Nehemiahs first term as governor, but preceded his return to Jerusalem from the Persian capital. Minor prophets. Thereafter, God let out his vineyard [see Isaiah 5:1-7] unto other husbandmen who would render him the fruits in their seasons (see on Matthew 21:41). Blog / Chart of Israel's and Judah's Kings and Prophets August 11, 2014 Chart of Israel's and Judah's Kings and Prophets Jonathan Petersen Blogger Grid member Craig T. Owens ( @craigtowens) has created the helpful chart below delineating the Old Testament prophets and kings of Israel and Judah: [ See the updated version of this chart] Owens says: Situating the Prophets in Israel's History Timeline of the Prophets Related Content Donate In Jewish tradition it is believed that the period of prophecy, called Nevuah, ended with Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi at which time the "Shechinahdeparted from Israel". The present-day return of the Jews to Palestine and the establishment of the modern state of Israel do not imply reinstatement as Gods people, present or future. In spite of Israels ultimate failure, a limited knowledge of the true God and of the Messianic hope was widespread when the Saviour was born (see on Matthew 2:1). You can check these in your browser security settings. from the ends of the earth (Jeremiah 16:19), to the light of truth shining forth from the mountain of the Lord (Isaiah 2:3; 60:3; 56:7; cf. But here, as in all exposition of Scripture, we should avoid affirming as the explicit teachings of the Bible that which is our private, finite view, however plausible it may appear to be. The British-Israel movement teaches that the Anglo-Saxon peoples are the literal descendants of the ten so-called lost tribes of the northern kingdom and that the promises will, in large measure, be fulfilled to their modern posterity. However, there is also no reference made to Persia, which would be expected if the book was of so late a date. In Egypt, Jeremiah raised his voice against the idolatries the Jews practiced there (chapters 43; 44). The following cookies are also needed - You can choose if you want to allow them: You can read about our cookies and privacy settings in detail on our Privacy Policy Page. Higher than the highest human thought can reach is Gods ideal for His children. Click to enable/disable Google reCaptcha. As the numbers of Israel increased, they were to enlarge their borders, until their kingdom should embrace the world (cf. Any interpretation that fails to give these matters due consideration does violence to the Scriptures. They would send messengers to Israel with the declaration, We will go with you: for we have heard that God is with you (Zechariah 8:23). The 9th-century view.The great empires of Assyria and Babylonia do not appear within the horizon of the prophet. Nation after nation would come over (Isaiah 45:14), that is, be joined with and cleave to the house of Jacob (chapter 14:1). The prophet Ezekiel, a priest, was one of the 10,000 Jews taken into exile by Nebuchadnezzar in 597 B.C., when King Jehoiachin was carried to Babylon. He prophesied to the people of Israel during the years that Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Kezekiah were kings of Judah and when Jeroboam II was king of Israel. The 7th-century view.This view holds that Joels ministry seems to fit into the early years of Josiah, when Assyrian power was nearing its end and Babylon was still a weak kingdom. the Exodus from Egypt (prophecy of Moses, Aaron, and Miriam) the Land of Israel c. 1300-1250 BC [citation needed] Joshua leads the people c. 1250 BC-c. 1025 BC [citation needed] Biblical Judges lead the people. The remaining messages and prophecies, found in chapters 9-14, are not dated, a fact that prevents us from fixing the duration of the prophets activity. 2nd return of exiles (458) Malachi (c. 460) 440. Galatians 3:27-29; see on Deuteronomy 18:15). Check to enable permanent hiding of message bar and refuse all cookies if you do not opt in. Jotham (750 -735) inactive in rule after Hosea Amos Zechariah Superior craftsmanship. Thus it was also with Samuel, Elijah, John the Baptist (see on Matthew 3:4), John the Beloved (see on Mark 3:17), and many others. Whatever the Jews, as a nation, may do, now or in time to come, is in no way related to the former promises made to them. Again and again God warned Israel that blessing goes hand in hand with obedience and that a curse accompanies disobedience (see Deuteronomy 4:9; 8:19; 28:1, 2, 13, 14; Jeremiah 18:6-10; 26:2-6; Zechariah 6:15; etc.). 4. BC dates, I've also included the number of years since the end of God provided Israel with every facility for becoming the greatest nation on the earth. Skill in agriculture and animal husbandry. According to the Talmud, there were 48 prophets and 7 prophetesses of Judaism. The prophets of ancient Israel spoke about the events mentioned in the Old Testament long before they actually happened. The house of God in Jerusalem would eventually be called an house of prayer for all people (chapter 56:7), and many people and strong nations would come to seek the Lord of hosts in Jerusalem, and to pray before Him in that day and be His people (Zechariah 8:22; 2:11). Isaiah was a prophet of the southern kingdom, living in a critical period of his nation. Hence, 640 B.C., about midway between the two limits, marked by the destruction of Thebes and the fall of Nineveh, would seem to be a reasonable conjectural date for Nahums prophetic ministry. The kingdom was divided following Solomons death (see 1 Kings 11:33-38). In a mysterious way known only to God the prophets words were sometimes intended to meet their fulfillment in the then far-distant future. 3:5). Interactive Timeline of the Kings & Prophets Interactive Timeline of the Kings & Prophets Psalm11918.org Our recent studies of the writings of the prophets have brought our attention to the era of the kings of Israel and Judah. He is the same yesterday, and to day, and for ever (Hebrews 13:8). The prophets did not always clearly understand messages they themselves had borne pointing forward to the distant future, to the coming of the Messiah (1 Peter 1:10, 11). The table down shows where in time the . The modernist school of interpretation denies the predictive element in prophecy altogether, arguing either that the predictions were written down after the events thus foretold took place or that such predictions reflected nothing more than the prophets hopes for the future, or those of his people. Span includes the period of co-regency (if any). There is no surer protection against the speculative vagaries of religious visionaries than a clear knowledge of the historical context of Scripture.

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