The Hundred Horse Chestnut (Castagno dei Cento Cavalli), in Sant'Alfio, on the eastern slopes of Mount Etna, is the largest and oldest known chestnut tree in the world at 2,000 4,000 years old. The island became part of Italy in 1860 following the Expedition of the Thousand, a revolt led by Giuseppe Garibaldi during the Italian unification, and a plebiscite. The population development of Taormina as well as related information and services (weather, Wikipedia, Google, images). A healthy and relaxed lifestyle. Because from Sicily to the US, the old mafia has returned". [159] Dialects related to Sicilian are also spoken in Calabria and Salento; it had a significant influence on the Maltese language. [19] The Sicilian wolf (Canis lupus cristaldii) was an endemic wolf subspecies that was driven to extinction in the 20th century. Planning for the project has experienced several false starts over the past few years. The last of the Hohenstaufens, Frederick II, the only son of Constance, was one of the greatest and most cultured men of the Middle Ages. Part of the three Egadi islands, it continues to be the most beautiful, most popular and the most treasured amongst Italians and an increasing number of travellers looking for sunshine, dusty roads, and saltwater blues to rival any Caribbean island we've ever visited. This was the first time in which an operation against the Sicilian mafia ended with considerable success. Huge waves hit the quayside of the peninsula of Ortygia hours before the Medicane hits land on October 28, 2021 in Syracuse, Italy. The Franks moved south from present-day Belgium. Median household income estimates are frequently used to identify communities and the number of households eligible for . Top Ten Cities and Towns in Sicily by Population. Population and households Social security and welfare Demographic indicators - Year 2021 The resident population at 1st January 2022 was 58,983,000, -253,000 on the previous year Reference period: Year 2021 | Date of Issue: 08 April 2022 Typology: Press release Themes: Population and households Households and population projections There was a wide presence of Jews in Sicily for at least 1,400 years and possibly for more than 2,000 years. Of the narrow-gauge railways the Ferrovia Circumetnea is the only one that still operates, going round Mount Etna. The Vandals found themselves in a position to threaten Sicily only 100 miles away from their North African bases. In 1950, the population of Catania was 365,352. [46] The Ostrogothic conquest of Sicily (and of Italy as a whole) under Theodoric the Great began in 488. "The Trinacria - Best of Sicily Magazine." [75] At first Sicily was able to remain as an independent kingdom under personal union, while the Bourbons ruled over both from Naples. After the table which shows Sicily's GDP growth,[124] this table shows the sectors of the Sicilian economy in 2006: The unemployment rate stood at 21.5% in 2018 and was one of the highest in Italy and Europe.[126][127]. However, there are no longer the great historical families of marionettists, such as the Greco of Palermo; the Canino of Partinico and Alcamo; Crimi, Trombetta and Napoli of Catania, Pennisi and Macri of Acireale, Profeta of Licata, Gargano and Grasso of Agrigento. [8] These conquered people were afforded freedom of religion under the Muslims as dhimmis. Also, some of the most notable and best preserved temples and other structures of the Greek world are located in Sicily. [79] Sicily became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia after a referendum in which more than 75% of Sicily voted in favour of the annexation on 21 October 1860 (although not everyone was allowed to vote). The population of Italy is getting older every year, becoming one of the oldest population in the world. In general, the southern and southeast coast receives the least rainfall (less than 50cm (20in)), and the northern and northeastern highlands the most (over 100cm (39in)). The most important is in, This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 00:12. Parsley is used abundantly in many dishes. Sicily. Plans for a bridge linking Sicily to the mainland have been discussed since 1865. [43] Western Sicily was overwhelmingly Muslim, and contained large plantations run by slave labor, often producing sugar. [173], The most well-known part of Sicilian cuisine is the rich sweet dishes including ice creams and pastries. Households and population projections Decreasing population: 59.2 million as of January 1, 2021, 57.9 in 2030, 54.2 in 2050, 47.7 in 2070. A lower cost of living. Sicilian Shooting* Locations, "Archaeological Area of Agrigento UNESCO World Heritage Centre", "Isole Eolie (Aeolian Islands) UNESCO World Heritage Centre", "Mount Etna Becomes a World Heritage Site", "Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefal and Monreale", "Mothia and Libeo Island: The Phoenician-Punic Civilization in Italy", "Goethe in Sicily - Best of Sicily Magazine", "Discovering the Similarity of the Greek and Sicilian Spirit", "La lingua italiana, i dialetti e le lingue straniere", Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania Homepage, The world's first molten salt concentrating solar power plant | Environment | guardian.co.uk, "A Cosa Nostra Encounter on a Sicilian Vacation", "The Foods of Sicily A Culinary Journey", "El teatro de marionetas siciliano Opera dei Puppi", "Virgin Express Inflight Magazine Catania", "The Bridge on the Strait of Messina: 'Lowering' the Right of Innocent Passage? These population estimates and projections come from the latest revision of the UN World Urbanization Prospects.These estimates represent the Urban agglomeration of Catania, which typically includes Catania's . "The Trinacria: History and Mythology | The Symbol of the Hellenic Nature of Sicily | Article by Ninni Radicini." The Greek states had begun to make peace with the Roman Republic in 262 BC,[citation needed] and the Romans sought to annex Sicily as their republic's first province. Catania has one of the four laboratories of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (National Institute for Nuclear Physics) in which there is a cyclotron that uses protons both for nuclear physics experiments and for particle therapy to treat cancer (proton therapy). Traditionally, Sicily votes for centre-right parties during elections. It was founded by the physicist Antonino Zichichi in honour of another scientist of the island, Ettore Majorana known for the Majorana equation and Majorana fermions. His first target was Sicily (known as the Gothic War (535554) began between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire). [174] Biancomangiare, biscotti ennesi (cookies native to Enna), braccilatte (a Sicilian version of doughnuts), buccellato, ciarduna, pignoli, Biscotti Regina, giurgiulena, frutta martorana, cassata, pignolata, granita, cuccidati (a variety of fig cookie; also known as buccellati) and cucca are some notable sweet dishes. [80][81] The Messina earthquake of 28 December 1908 killed more than 80,000 people. If you meet . The metro area population of Palermo in 2022 was 850,000, a 0% increase from 2021. They lost this in 491 after making one last attempt to conquer the island from this port. Sicily is claimed and controlled by Italy. Il nuovo volto dell'Area di Sviluppo Industriale di Dittaino, La lavorazione del Sale a Trapani, Area Sale, "Tasso di disoccupazione - livello regionale", "A 29 autostrada Palermo Trapani Mazara del Vallo", Italy revives Sicily bridge plan from BBC News, "Italian MPs kill plan to bridge Sicily and mainland", "No Italian Job Takes Longer Than This Bridge", The Godfather. His general Belisarius was assigned the task. Improvements in Sicily's road system have helped to promote industrial development. Sicily is now governed by a centre-right coalition. [115] The region is known mainly for fortified Marsala wines. Sicily had fertile soils, and the successful introduction of olives and grape vines fostered profitable trading. [53] Rumors that the capital of the empire was to be moved to Syracuse probably cost Constans his life, as he was assassinated in 668. [44] The Vandals made another attempt to take the island one year after the 455 sack of Rome, at Agrigento, but were defeated decisively by Ricimir in a naval victory off Corsica in 456. The Goths were Germanic, but Theodoric fostered Roman culture and government and allowed freedom of religion. All the plant is owned and operated by Enel. [53] His son Constantine IV succeeded him. It is located between the coast of Agrigento and the island of Pantelleria (which itself is a dormant volcano). Projections 35,000,000 40,000,000 45,000,000 50,000,000 55,000,000 60,000,000 Population 58,870,762 After a century, the Norman Hauteville dynasty died out; the last direct descendant and heir of Roger II, Constance, married Emperor Henry VI. The Normans formed a small but violent ruling class. [123], A table showing Sicily's different GDP (nominal and per capita) growth between 2000 and 2008:[124][125]. [161] It is in this language that appeared the first sonnet, whose invention is attributed to Giacomo da Lentini himself. Sicily has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature, cuisine, and architecture. [106] Tourism is an important source of income for the island, which attracts visitors due to its rich natural and historical heritage. Sicily was given special status as an autonomous region on 15 May 1946, 18 days before the Italian institutional referendum of 1946. They have even participated at the European level in the European Challenge Cup. 28 October 2021. It was not until 965 that all of Sicily was conquered by the Arabs. Mount Etna, the beaches, the archaeological sites, and major cities such as Palermo, Catania, Syracuse and Ragusa are the favourite tourist destinations, but the old town of Taormina and the neighbouring seaside resort of Giardini Naxos draw visitors from all over the world, as do the Aeolian Islands, Erice, Terrasini, Castellammare del Golfo, Cefal, Agrigento, the Pelagie Islands and Capo d'Orlando. In the first century after the Italian unification, Sicily had one of the most negative net migration rates among the regions of Italy because of the emigration of millions of people to Northern Italy, other European countries, North America, South America and Australia. However, since 1890, the islands have had a separate local authority. [failed verification] As in the rest of Italy, the official language is Italian and the primary religion is Roman Catholicism. More than 25% of Sicily's population lives on Etna's slopes, and it is the main source of income for the island, both from agriculture (due to the rich volcanic soil) and tourism. The autonomous region also includes several neighbouring islands: the Aegadian Islands, the Aeolian Islands, Pantelleria and Lampedusa. The Sicels are thought[30] to have originated in Liguria; they arrived from mainland Italy in 1200 BC and forced the Sicanians to move back across Sicily and to settle in the middle of the island. After the Italian unification, Sicily, along with the entire Italian peninsula, has also been strongly marked by coerced emigration. They also introduced their own culture, customs, and politics in the region. [11] The mines of the Enna and Caltanissetta districts were part of a leading sulphur-producing area throughout the 19th century, but have declined since the 1950s. This is part of what makes life here so good. [150], Torre Cabrera (Marina di Ragusa) (Marina di Ragusa). [68], Strong opposition to French officialdom due to mistreatment and taxation saw the local peoples of Sicily rise up, leading in 1282 to an insurrection known as the War of the Sicilian Vespers, which eventually saw almost the entire French population on the island killed. [104] In the 1970s, some factories were opened, resulting in growth in the industrial sector. [22][23], Humans first colonsied Sicily towards the end of the Late Pleistocene, around 16,000 years ago, by people associated with the Epigravettian culture. Islam was present during the Emirate of Sicily, although Muslims were also expelled. Palermo and Catania have a heated rivalry and compete in the Sicilian derby together. Syracuse is also an experimental centre for solar technologies through the creation of the project Archimede solar power plant that is the first concentrated solar power plant to use molten salt for heat transfer and storage which is integrated with a combined-cycle gas facility. [57], A description of Palermo was given by Ibn Hawqal, an Arab merchant who visited Sicily in 950. In Sicily, the first coastal towers date back to 1313 and 1345 of the Aragonese monarchy. By the 11th century, the Emirate of Sicily began to fragment as intra-dynastic quarreling fractured the Muslim regime. They destroyed many of the Arab towns in Sicily, and very few physical remains survive from the Arab era. The population of Italy in 2020 was 59,500,579, a 0.38% decline from 2019. [67] After Pope Innocent III made him Papal Legate in 1098, Roger I created several Catholic bishoprics while still allowing the construction of 12 Greek-speaking monasteries (the Greek language, monasteries, and 1500 parishes continued to exist until the adherents of the Greek Rite were forced in 1585 to convert to Catholicism or leave; a small pocket of Greek-speakers still live in Messina). [24], Discoveries of dolmens on the island (dating to the second half of the third millennium BC) seem to offer new insights into the culture of primitive Sicily. [174], Like the cuisine of the rest of southern Italy, pasta plays an important part in Sicilian cuisine, as does rice; for example with arancini. The terrain of inland Sicily is mostly hilly and is intensively cultivated wherever possible. [179] Other noted players include Giuseppe Furino, Pietro Anastasi, Francesco Coco, Christian Rigan, and Roberto Galia. Furthermore, in Sicily, high-quality wines are also produced using non-native varieties like Syrah, Chardonnay and Merlot.[117]. By around 750 BC, Sicily had three Phoenician and a dozen Greek colonies and it was later the site of the Sicilian Wars and the Punic Wars. Sicily is in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe, from which it is separated by the narrow Strait of Messina. The seven-day average is the average of a day and the previous six days of data. [34], In October 1347, in Messina, Sicily, the Black Death first arrived in Europe. The Vandals lost possession of the island 8 years later in 477 to the East Germanic tribe of the Ostrogoths, who then controlled Italy and Dalmatia. There are seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites on Sicily. Like the South of Italy and Sardinia, immigration to the island is very low compared to other regions of Italy because workers tend to head to Northern Italy instead, due to better employment and industrial opportunities. [84], Italy became a Republic in 1946 and, as part of the Constitution of Italy, Sicily was one of the five regions given special status as an autonomous region. Jan. 2023. Sicilia[Sicily] Autonomous Region 4,906,878 4,966,386 4,968,991 5,002,904 4,802,016 Agrigento Province 466,495 476,158 448,053 446,837 412,472 Caltanissetta Province 285,829 278,275 274,035 273,099 248,699 Catania Province 1,005,577 1,035,665 1,054,778 1,078,766 1,071,914 Enna Province 190,939 186,182 177,200 173,451 154,721 Messina [citation needed] Most of the assets of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies's former national bank, Banco delle Due Sicilie, were transferred to Piedmont. However, even at this early stage, provincial architects had begun to incorporate certain vernacular features of Sicily's older architecture. The island has a long history of producing a variety of noted cuisines and wines, to the extent that Sicily is sometimes nicknamed God's Kitchen because of this. Anecdotes from this character's life preserve Sicilian culture as well as convey moral messages. 2021. Some of the Greek cities on the island sided with the Carthaginians. Later the Normans invaded in 1061 and after taking Apulia and Calabria, Roger I occupied Messina with an army of 700 knights. Italy 2020 population is estimated at 60,461,826 people at mid year according to UN data. 9 November 2014. are home to varieties of birds and marine life, Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture, UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists, Museo Etnografico Siciliano Giuseppe Pitr, "Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018", "Sub-national HDI Area Database Global Data Lab", "Etna & Aeolian Islands 2012 Cambridge Volcanology", "Evolution of a section of the Africa-Europe plate boundary: Paleomagnetic and volcanological evidence from Sicily", "A message from the 'underground forge of the gods': history and current eruptions at Mt Etna", "Agenzia Regionale per i Rifiuti e le Acque", "WMO Region VI (Europe, Continent only): Highest Temperature", "Chestnut Dinner in the Mountains of Italy", Sicilia, flora e fauna-Specie vegetali e animali in Sicilia, "Was the dwarfed Palaeoloxodon from Favignana Island the last endemic Pleistocene elephant from the western Mediterranean islands? This was a literary language in Sicily created under the auspices of Frederick II and his court of notaries, or Magna Curia, which, headed by Giacomo da Lentini, also gave birth to the Sicilian School, widely inspired by troubadour literature. For other uses, see, "Sicilia" redirects here. [90] A police investigation in summer 2019 also confirmed strong links between the Palermo area Sicilian Mafia and American organized crime, particularly the Gambino crime family. By the order of inscription: Because many different cultures settled, dominated or invaded the island, Sicily has a huge variety of archaeological sites. [60][63], Roger II appointed the powerful Greek George of Antioch to be his "emir of emirs" and continued the syncretism of his father. Sicily (Italian: Sicilia [sitilja]; Sicilian: Sicilia [s(t)ilja]) is the largest and most populous island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 20 regions of Italy. The main agricultural products are wheat, citrons, oranges (Arancia Rossa di Sicilia IGP), lemons, tomatoes (Pomodoro di Pachino IGP), olives, olive oil, artichokes, prickly pear (Fico d'India dell'Etna DOP), almonds, grapes, pistachios (Pistacchio di Bronte DOP) and wine. [61][62], While Roger I died in 1101, his wife Adelaide ruled until 1112 when their son Roger II of Sicily came of age. It was the Normans and Swabians who first introduced a fondness for meat dishes to the island. [179] There have also been some noted managers from the island, such as Carmelo Di Bella and Franco Scoglio. Oral tradition plays a large role in Sicilian folklore. [6] Scilly forms part of the ceremonial county of Cornwall, and some services are combined with those of Cornwall. The victors destroyed the Athenian army and their ships, selling most of the survivors into slavery. [152] Gorgias and Empedocles are two other highly noted early Sicilian-Greek philosophers, while the Syracusan-Greek Epicharmus is held to be the inventor of comedy.[153][154]. [135] Trabia, Carlo. country comparison to the world: 223 Death rate From the major cities of Sicily, there are services to Naples, Rome and Milan; this is achieved by the trains being loaded onto ferries which cross the Strait.[132]. The Norman conquest of southern Italy led to the creation of the County of Sicily in 1071, that was succeeded by Kingdom of Sicily, a state that existed from 1130 until 1816. Ferdinand III, the Bourbon, was forced to retreat to Sicily which he was still in control of with the help of British naval protection. [128][129][130][131] Other main roads in Sicily are the Strade Statali, such as the SS.113 that connects Trapani to Messina (via Palermo), the SS.114 Messina-Syracuse (via Catania) and the SS.115 Syracuse-Trapani (via Ragusa, Gela and Agrigento). For the Roman province, see, Pasquale Hamel L' invenzione del regno. Sicilian woodcarver George Petralia states that horses were mostly used in the city and flat plains, while donkeys or mules were more often used in rough terrain for hauling heavy loads. country comparison to the world: 203 Birth rate 7 births/1,000 population (2023 est.) Executive power is exercised by the Regional Government. [6][7] Later, it was unified under the House of Bourbon with the Kingdom of Naples as the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. [45] The island remained under Roman rule until 469. Although Sicilian cuisine is commonly associated with sea food, meat dishes, including goose, lamb, goat, rabbit, and turkey, are also found in Sicily. The Mafia's origins are still uncertain, but it is generally accepted that it emerged in the 18th century initially in the role of private enforcers hired to protect the property of landowners and merchants from the groups of brigands (briganti) who frequently pillaged the countryside and towns. [citation needed] United Nations population projections are also included through the year 2035. Sicily's composers vary from Vincenzo Bellini, Sigismondo d'India, Giovanni Pacini and Alessandro Scarlatti, to contemporary composers such as Salvatore Sciarrino and Silvio Amato. Sicily's island status reinforces the strong sense of regional identity found in many parts of Italy. [122] The Province of Trapani is one of the largest sea salt producers in Italy. Many award-winning and acclaimed films of Italian cinema have been filmed in Sicily, amongst the most noted of which are: Visconti's "La Terra Trema" and "Il Gattopardo", Pietro Germi's "Divorzio all'Italiana" and "Sedotta e Abbandonata", Tornatore's "Cinema Paradiso". [59] Having succeeded his brother Simon as Count of Sicily, Roger II was ultimately able to raise the status of the island to a kingdom in 1130, along with his other holdings, which included the Maltese Islands and the Duchies of Apulia and Calabria. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, 1958 edition, p. 254. Frederick received no systematic education and was allowed to run free in the streets of Palermo. [178], The most popular sport in Sicily is football, which came to the fore in the late 19th century under the influence of the English. [32] The once prosperous and contented island went into sharp decline when Verres became governor of Sicily (73 to 71 BC). The most prominent Sicilian roads are the motorways (known as autostrade) in the north of the island. [39] The Carthaginian attempt failed, and Rome became more unrelenting in its annihilation of the invaders; Roman consul M. Valerian told the Roman Senate in 210 BC that "no Carthaginian remains in Sicily". "Sicilian Culture: The Folklore, Legends & Traditions: Trinacria." [29] Important historical evidence has been discovered in the form of cave drawings by the Sicani, dated from the end of the Pleistocene epoch around 8000 BC. The aforementioned factors, along with a failed land reform, resulted in a never-before-seen wave of Sicilians emigrating, first to the United States between the 1880s and the 1920s, later to Northern Italy, and from the 1960s onwards also to Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, as well as Australia and South America. N.p., n.d. [27][28] Some modern scholars, however, suggest classifying the Sicani as possibly an Illyrian tribe. N.p., n.d. The Muslim conquest of Sicily was a see-saw affair and met with fierce resistance. [176] Spices used include saffron, nutmeg, clove, pepper, and cinnamon, which were introduced by the Arabs. They brought with them Eastern Orthodoxy as well as the Greek and Arvanitika languages, once again adding onto the extensive Byzantine/Greek influence. [164] There are observatories in Palermo and Catania, managed by the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (National Institute for Astrophysics). Today it is widely regarded as a definitive symbol of Sicilian heritage.[183]. Famous carnivals are in Acireale, Misterbianco, Regalbuto, Patern, Sciacca, Termini Imerese. The total population of the islands at the 2011 United Kingdom census was 2,203. The Nebrodi Mountains Regional Park, established on 4 August 1993 covers 86,000 hectares (210,000 acres), is the largest protected natural area of Sicily; and contains the largest forest in Sicily, the Caronia. In Greek mythology, the deadly monster Typhon was trapped under the mountain by Zeus, the god of the sky. [92], About five million people live in Sicily, making it the fourth most populated region in Italy. Chemical industries are also in the Province of Messina (Milazzo) and in the Province of Caltanissetta (Gela). [26], The original classical-era inhabitants of Sicily comprised three defined groups of the ancient peoples of Italy: the Sicani, the Elymians and the Sicels. In 2021, Italy's resident population was estimated to be around 59 million inhabitants. [citation needed] Furthermore, an embargo[which?] Archimedes, who lived in Syracuse, helped the Carthaginians; Roman troops killed him after they invaded Syracuse in 213 BC. During this period, the economic and social condition of the island was generally improved due to investments in infrastructure such as motorways and airports, and thanks to the creation of industrial and commercial areas. . The Western Roman Empire began falling apart after the invasion of Vandals, Alans, and Sueves across the Rhine on the last day of 406. It stands 3,329 metres (10,922ft) high, though this varies with summit eruptions; the mountain is 21m (69ft) lower now than it was in 1981. [16] In Northern Sicily, there are three important forests; near Mount Etna, in the Nebrodi Mountains and in the Bosco della Ficuzza Natural Reserve near Palermo. Cattle and sheep are raised. From 28 September to 9 October 2005 Trapani was the location of Acts 8 and 9 of the Louis Vuitton Cup. 50,000 100,000 150,000 cases 7-day average . [8] The northern and southern coasts are each about 280km (170mi) long measured as a straight line, while the eastern coast measures around 180km (110mi); total coast length is estimated at 1,484km (922mi). Species include the European wildcat, red fox, least weasel, pine marten, roe deer,[dubious discuss] fallow deer,[18]wild boar, crested porcupine, European hedgehog, common toad, Vipera aspis, golden eagle, peregrine falcon, Eurasian hoopoe and black-winged stilt. [41], Various groups used the island as a power base at different times: slave insurgents occupied it during the First (135132 BC) and Second (104100 BC) Servile Wars. The total area of the island is 25,711km2 (9,927sqmi),[9] while the Autonomous Region of Sicily (which includes smaller surrounding islands) has an area of 27,708km2 (10,698sqmi).[10].

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