Those Shia ulam who had been the driving force behind the founding of madris since 1949 became now more assertive and ambitious. Since the early 1950s there had been ambitions to translate the old canonical books of Shia hadth, fiqh and doctrines into Urdu and have them published in Pakistan.256Close This was deemed all the more necessary because of what was perceived as false perceptions of Shia doctrines spread by the zkirs and professional preachers. Since no significant headway had been made trough all meetings with representatives of the state within seven months, an All-Pakistan Shia Convention was called for in Rawalpindi on 2830 August 1964 to discuss further steps. Most of them have become qasda-khwnn137Close for notables and powerful people. Since 1959 only one official holiday was left in Muharram, which was generally considered insufficient to observe azdr in the customary way.74Close In Lahore, where the largest azdr processions of the country were led out traditionally, these were banned in 1961 and permitted in the following year only after some new restrictions had been imposed.75Close In Narowal a number of Shias were arrested in August 1961 for defying a ban on Chihlum processions.76Close Nevertheless Shias were by and large satisfied with the policy of the martial law government regarding the sectarian problem. Azdr is a part of the faith of the Shias, and a right for which every Shia is ready to give any sacrifice at any time. So if we have nothing to do with Islam, if we flee from acting on the orders of God, then we are certainly enemies of the goals of Husain and lovers of the acts of Yazid. The Honorary 'Doctor of Humane Letters' (Honoris Causa),. In his article Mr dst (Jauhar & Riz, Khatb-i Azam, pp. Yet he continued to play some role until his death in 1976; see sections 5.4, pp. At the same time the western habit of unveiling [of women] (be-pardag) has spread like a plague in our society. These were Amjad Ali and Ghulam Ali Talpur (Aziz, Party Politics in Pakistan, p. 268). 24054; Salim, Iskandar Mirza, 295310. Quoted from Pakistan Times, 2 November 1968. See Razkr 24/1415:8 (816 April 1961) and section 4.3, pp. Ayub Khan himself had made clear his aversion against any political role for the Mullahs from the start of his rule,23Close and he did not shrink back from antagonising the religious lobby in order to implement some secularist reforms. See Naqvi, Controversy, p. 144; Muhammad Bashir Ansari, Haqiq ul-wasit, Vol. See the full text in Razkr 26/4647:3 (16 December 1963). It would reach a climax in the early 1970s, when some prominent ulam became more or less openly affiliated to the Shaikhiya school of thought.300Close Although the latter would then lose ground among the Shia awm, the orthodox ulam have not been able to overcome the hegemony of the zkirs and popular preachers until present times. 6), as usual, did not impress the government too much. One third was to be sent to an account in Lahore administered by the editors of Razkr and Sha and by Ali Ahmad Khan Jafari.315Close, In the meantime some new problems for Shia religious life had arisen. But after the lifting of martial law in June 1962, it did not take long until anti-Shia propaganda in word and in writing was resumed with vigour. 14243. I., p. 410; quoted in Naqvi, Controversy, p. 144. Striving and efforts in the service of his qaum and millat and for its progress are outside the scope of his ijtihd Our bitter experiences with an lim-i dn as leader of the ITHS135Close are a warning example for us. For 40-year-old Tehseen, Kashif was her whole world. 13536. Speakers included Abd ul-Sattar Taunsavi, Muhammad Ali Jullundhri, Ghulamullah, Chaudhry Ghulam Rasul and Nur ul-Hasan Bukhari (ibid.). Mufti Mahmud (190980) was born in a village near Dera Ismail Khan (NWFP) and graduated from different Deobandi dn madris in Northern India until 1941. Muhammad Raza Saqib Mustafai is a Pakistani Islamic preacher and scholar. Their annual income in 196061 was Rs. The following is a list of notable Shia Muslims . Ibid. Our legal (shar) and religious matters have to be decided according to the fiqh-i jafarya. A suicide bomber in the city of Rawalpindi hurled a grenade into the midst of a Shia procession before detonating his vest and killing 23 people, while other attacks throughout the country from . On S. Mushtaq Husain see section 4.3, p. 123. Razkr 31/4243:8; he was accused under Section 13 of the Public Order Ordinance of 1960 but released on bail shortly after. They were challenged by Kausar Niyazi, (then still a member of the Jamat-i Islm), to say words in praise for the khulaf-i rshidn there and then in order to convince the Sunnis in the audience of their good intentions.103Close. It reminded the ulam of their duty to assume a leadership role to stem the world-wide tide of materialism and called for an effective programme of action to unify and organise the Shias and protect them from moral and religious decline. In March 1964 a delegation led by Dihlavi was received by President Ayub Khan for the first time and given some vague promises.175Close A second meeting took place on 14 May, focussing on the dnyt issue.176Close The President then ordered the Secretary of Education, S. Muhammad Sharif, to discuss the matter with a Shia delegation. Great [Shia] people! When he was finally obliged to accept Rs. A number of public meetings were held during a stay of Dihlavi in Lahore from 1928 September and afterwards, while Qizilbash and Shamsi preferred to keep a low profile.387Close They tried to counter the SMC movement with some religious figures interposed,388Close but almost all prominent Shia ulam had meanwhile rallied behind S. Muhammad Dihlavi.389Close Dihlavi and his entourage followed up their stay in Lahore with a trip to Rawalpindi, Peshawar, Kohat, Hangu and the Kurram Agency (29 September7 October), i.e. After the anecdotes comes the art of telling about the masib250Close (where matters of five minutes are stretched to fifteen minutes) and the people are made weep well (sic); then the sponsor of the majlis is openly browbeaten to pay the recompense, and the money is counted in front of him it is not called a benefaction, but the wage for two hours of hard work. A quarter in Baghdad were frequent altercations between local Shias and Sunnis have taken place since the tenth century; see Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. In India under the British rule and now under Hindu rule both Shias and Sunnis have been supervising their own auqf within the Auqaf Department we demand that likewise Shia auqf will be put under Shia control , The third demand is concerning azdr. Was it the purpose of the martyrdom of Husain that majliskhwn would become a trade? By 1963and still todayShia-majority areas were confined to Baltistan and the Gilgit Agency, the Kurram Agency of the NWFP, and scattered villages in the northern and western districts of the Punjab from Sialkot and Rawalpindi down to Rajanpur. Sadiq Hasan (Pakistan) 5. S. Mushtaq Husain Naqvi, Supplement to Razkr 30/28:a (24 July 1967). See his inaugural speech on 28 August 1964; Razkr 27/2728:5. There must not be any ban on azdr for the Lord of Martyrs. Ala ud-Din Siddiqi (190777) was born in Lahore and had graduated from both dn madris and secular colleges in his hometown. On alleged ghulw (exaggeration) in Shia religious practice in Pakistan see sections 4.4, pp. 957. Thus it was no mere coincidence that almost immediately after the Shias convention in Rawalpindi student riots broke out in the same town, which quickly spread to other parts of Pakistan and were joined by violent agitations of various opposition parties.408Close During the last four months until Ayub Khans resignation on 25 March 1969, dealing with the deteriorating law and order situation absorbed all the energies of the government. Naturally, nothing was done in these months to implement the promises given to the Shias. Razkr 27/29:8 (16 September 1964); see section 4.1, p. 107, and Fn 47 to chapter 4, p. 387. In the following year, the Shia Mutlabt (Demands) Committee was to become a new organisation of its own, comprising hundreds of branches; see section 4.5, pp. See Fn 39 to chapter 3 (p. 365). Model. 11); see Razkr 29/3435:7+10 (18 September 1966). the five representatives named by Dihlavi in January205Closeon 24 July 1965 in Karachi rejected the proposal, insisting on the demand for a separate board for Shia auqf.206Close Yet a clause was added to a SMC resolution on this matter, apparently on behest of Qizilbash, stating that if the government appoints a qualified Shia to the board on individual basis and he does not act against Shia interests, the SMC will not object.207Close On 24 August the Chief Administrator Auqaf invited the SMC members for consultation on the proposed appointments. But without giving any reason, Muzaffar Ali Shamsi was included among the five invited Shias instead of Mubarak Ali Shah, provoking a boycott of the meeting by the other four.211Close During the last months of 1965 the movement of S. Muhammad Dihlavi reached a low point, not only because of the war and its aftermath, but also due to increasing Shia infighting. Although no agreement was reached then, S. Hadi Ali Shah from the APSC and Fayyaz Husain Hamadani from the ITHS accepted their nomination as Shia representatives within the Joint Board.208Close Both were later accused of having consented to the transformation of a number of Shia auqf into Sunni endowments during their term.209Close, The joint commission of Shia and government representatives formed in early 1965 was called for a first session on 7 September 1965incidentally almost coinciding with the start of that years war with India210Closeby the home secretary. 48283; Naqv, Tazkira, pp. Almost all of the people of Pakistan are Muslims or at least follow Islamic traditions, and Islamic ideals and practices suffuse virtually all parts of Pakistani life. On the evening of 1 November 1968, the following official statement was released, which also appeared in all daily newspapers the next morning: With the approval of the Central Government, the Government of West Pakistan has decided to revise the syllabi of Islamiat in accordance with the recommendations of the Joint Board of Shia and Sunni Ulema which was set up by the Central Government some time ago. al-Muballigh 3/12:23 (January 1960); Supplement to al-Muballigh 5/2, p. 6 (March 1961). 17678. 5,000 had been collected for the event), Col. Dihlavi shortly before his death dedicated his private library to another trust headed by Hasan Ali Pirbhai (, According to his son S. Ahmad Jauhar, he even retreated from preaching to a large extent in the 1950s (, Authors interview with S. Khurshid Abbas Gardezi, (Multan, 1 March 1999), Most Pakistani Shias interviewed by the author on the subject have confirmed that. Her first attempt towards a successful career started through an ad campaign for one the famous cellular service providers; MOBILINK, in which her first appearance was there all across the billboards in Pakistan. Sitting by his grave, she tells the story of the day she lost her brother in the attack, a sequence of bomb blasts which killed at least 45 . ; there had been a small hostel for Shia students in Lahore run by the AWSM since 1938. Translated from al-Muballigh 9/10:56 (November 1965). By 1963 it took twenty-two hours for the 3.5 miles from the Qizilbash Haveli in the Old City to Karbal-i Gme Shh (Razkr 27/1:1; see also a report on the 1962 procession in Razkr 25/2223:2). In the resolutions [of the Muslim League] there was no mentioning of Shias and Sunnis; neither it was mentioned that Shias will have the right to take out their processions even if these violate the feelings of the Sunnis , [religious] freedom does not exclude some prohibitions. Zara Sheikh. 7880. , Some zkirs are telling false traditions251Close with great insolence. Not a single qaum in the world has offered as many sacrifices for safeguarding its beliefs and convictions as the millat-i jafarya. He and other representatives of the dn madris argued that they had ijzt from the highest Shia dignitaries in Iraq authorising them to use religious taxes the way they did.221Close While polemics and mud-slinging among the Shia ulam in Pakistan were by no means unusual, this was the first major controversy about a purely religious matter carried out in full public, a foretaste of worse to come in the next two decades. These are all machinations (rshadawnyn) of the sectarian elements I am appealing to the Sunni ulam in the name of the Shia ulam to become united and get rid of such hostile elements and support the government. On 10 March that year (21 Ramadan 1380H, death anniversary of the Imam Ali) there were attacks on Shia processions in Karachi (Razkr 24/11:3; 24/12:7). Official figures according to Pakistan Times, 4 June 1963, including Sunni attackers injured by police action; Muzaffar Ali Shamsi later spoke of up to 250 injured Shias (statement in front of the Inquiry Committee, 16 August 1963; Razkr 26/36:9). The catalyst for this development were the writings of Maulana Muhammad Husain Dhakko from Sargodha, who contributed more than any other person to a sharp polarisation between orthodox Shiism of the dn madris and the still dominant popular Shiism of the professional preachers and zkirs. Razkr 29/25:3 (24 June 1966). Its principal from 1961 to 1971, Muhammad Husain Dhakko (b.1932),247Close was regarded by some as the most learned native Pakistani Shia mujtahid, superior even to Mufti Jafar Husain.248Close Whatever the value of such statements by his supporters, none of the many like-minded ulam was to equal Dhakkos missionary zeal in combating what he considered erroneous beliefs and aberrations in religious practice among his Shia countrymen. The memory of thirteen centuries cannot be erased. The time is fast approaching when all religious groups will perform their religious ceremonies in complete freedom 19Close, Such eulogies on the martial law government were also common in editorials of Razkr in the years from 1959 to 1962. On some incidents in Dera Ismail Khan, Kot Addu, Mailsi and Peshawar on the 10 Muharram 1381H (23 June 1961) see Razkr 24/26:3. These things are not coming unexpected for me; rather I have started this work expecting such difficulties and sufferings 274Close, On the other hand, Dhakko once more denied that he was opposed to the zkirs generally, insisting that he was their well-wisher and only wanted to rectify some of their current faults.275Close However, this could not make his attacks on the status quo of majlis and the zkir-business in Pakistan less objectionable in the eyes of his opponents. Asad, 18 February 1968, quoted in Razkr 31/10:3. Protocols in Razkr 29/3435:112 (18 September 1966); al-Muballigh 10/8:2730 (September 1966); al-Muntazar 8/1415:1422 (520 September 1966); Payam-i Amal 10/8:2530 (October 1966). Qizilbash, who was still resentful of the Minister of Interior because he was the one who had first denied his announcements about the acceptance of Shia demands earlier that year, sent S. Hadi Ali Shah and S. Murid Husain Shah, while Shamsi came himself. Report in Razkr 24/1415:813 (816 April 1961). Already in November 1967 Dihlavi had complained how Qizilbash had cheated him three times.382Close On 10 May Asad once more reported that the demands had been accepted, but this was denied by the Federal Minister of Education in the parliament two weeks later: the government was still studying the recommendations of the Joint Board.383Close In early July the journal repeated its claim for a third time, now explaining that it was in the interest of the government not to make the acceptance public, probably because of the approaching elections.384Close, S. Muhammad Dihlavi, who had travelled to East Pakistan in May 1968,385Close called a meeting of the SMC Council in Hyderabad on 67 July. Representative of the [Hidden] Imam; on that concept of the role of the Shia ulam see Momen, Introduction, p. 193. He had previously been in the service of Nawab Muzaffar Ali Khan Qizilbash and his elder brother Nisr Ali Khan. Statement of Shaiq Ambalvi in front of the Lahore Inquiry Commission (see section 4.2, p. 112. On the March 1956 convention see section 3.2, pp. We have to give our young generation religious instruction according to our beliefs. (He suggested instead referring to Pakistani authorities like S. Muhammad Baqir Chakralvi or S. Zain ul-Abidin, then Friday preacher of Multan). 2.086 million and in 19656 Rs. These were the Chief Secretary of the Government of West-Pakistan, the Home Secretary, the Chief Administrator of the Auqaf Department, Sardar Abd ul-Rashid, and the Secretary of Education, S. Muhammad Sharif; see Razkr 28/7:3 (16 February 1965). On Karim Bakhsh Haidari see also section 3.4, pp. Allama Sayyed Imdad Husayn Kazmi al-Mashadi - Pakistani Shi'a scholar who wrote tafsir of Qur'an (Qur'an ul-Mubeen, This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 12:33. From 20 February to 1 March 1964 he visited Lahore, meeting with local Shia ulam, advocates, and notables and with the Governor General of West-Pakistan, Amir Muhammad Khan. On the collection and disbursement of khums in pre-1856 Lucknow see Cole, Roots, pp. (retd.) The SMCs were supposed to give publicity to decisions and appeals of the centre, but also take initiatives of their own on the local level, for example against any obstruction of azdr. Razkr 29/3435:1, 12 (18 September 1966). Thereafter he participated in dozens of munzart between Shia and Sunni ulam, becoming famous as the Muballigh-i Azam (Greatest Preacher). In February 1960 Hafiz Kifayat Husain had still led an ITHS delegation to Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlevi of Iran; see Razkr 23/910:1 (1 March 1960). Never! Karachi, On 19th Jan 2009, 15 years old seraiki community Imam Bargah "Babul Hawaij" Gulistan-e-Johar Karachi has been demolished by S.H.O, Police Station Gulistan-e-Johar name Nasrullah (YAZEED), On 15th Jan 2009 S.H.O, Nasrullah (YAZEED) along with police constabulary attack Imam Bargah Babul Hawaij destroyed ALAM BUBARAK (GHAZI ABBAS) and thrown all the wall around the ALAM BUBARAK, On . They were also asked to organise at least one hour weekly of religious instruction for Shia pupils at their place, to found dn madris if possible, and to teach the small children at least ten minutes daily about religion in their homes. He is referring to Hafiz Kifayat Husain; for a more specific identification of his and other ulams alleged shortcomings see Haidaris article quoted below. A number of polemics against the greediness of the zkirs and their mis-handling of the majlis had been published in the Shia press already since the mid-1950s, especially in al-Muballigh.249Close An editorial of that journal from September 1961 was peculiarly outspoken (excerpts): Has Husain been martyred just for the purpose that some people would sit together and weep for him? Mrs. Jinnaha Shia like her late brotherhad been named the candidate of the Combined Opposition Parties on 18 September 1964. Instead, the inconvenience caused for local Sunnis by the lengthy azdr processions through the narrow lanes of the Old City was highlighted in some detail.119Close Apparently more important than the identity of the instigators of sectarian violence were questions as to whether security precautions taken by the local administration had been sufficient, and whether the comportment of the police was adequate after rioting had started.120Close, The report closed with ten recommendations from the chairman of the Inquiry Committee which had been accepted in principle by the government: 1) the establishment of a reconciliation committee; 2) no new licences for processions and cancelling of licences for those who had not abided to the conditions; 3) no change of traditional procession routes except in case of dangers for security or in amicable agreement with the organisers; 4) additional conditions regarding security of the processions for licence-holders; 5) if possible, the duration of the main zljinnh procession should be reduced; and there should be no mtam in front of mosques at the time of prayers or azn; 6) severe punishment for disrespectful references to the leaders of another sect; 7) a ban on carrying arms in Muharram; 8) private volunteers should not be employed on traffic duty or other duties normally performed by the police; 9) punishment for the spreading of rumours; 10) strengthening of the Lahore police force.121Close, As it turned out, no culprits of the 1963 sectarian violence were ever punished, whether in Lahore or in Theri.122Close The basic dilemma of any government in Pakistan, namely the need not to be perceived as biased in favour of the Shia minority, led to relative laxity towards Sunni extremists during the second half of the Ayub Khan era, despite the events of 1963. Zaidi, Mutlabt aur Khatb-i Azam, p. 81, mentions the elimination of objectionable contents from schoolbooks as the fourth principal demand of the conference. Pakistani Model and Actress Zara Sheikh was born in Lahore, Pakistan on 7 th May 1978.. Zara Sheikh is a famous Pakistani Model, Actress, and a Singer. Top10 Zakir| top ten shia zakir Pakistan |10 famous zakireen Pakistan| zakir Waseem Baloch #zakir #toptenshiazakir#Pakistank10famouszakir#zakirwaseemabbasbloch Mufti Jafar Husain had been appointed to replace Hafiz Kifayat Husain in November 1965. The pet object of their diatribes remained azdr processions. In his 1986 interview with Dogar, he was still defending that position vigorously (Dogar, 150 sul, p. 50). al-Muballigh 9/3:46 (April 1965); Razkr 28/13:3 (1 April 1965). At that time, five Shias were members of the West Pakistan Assembly, all of whom were apparently absent at the day the bill was passed. In Pakistan our ulam have become professional zkirs. For his further political career see Pirzada, Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, passim, and (especially concerning his attitude towards Shias) below, pp. Ibid. Years active. Most Pakistanis belong to the Sunni sect, the major branch of Islam. ; its members were S. Muhammad Dihlavi, Prince Abbas Mirza, S. Hatim Alavi, S. Zafar Hasan Amrohavi and S. Israr Husain. The agreements reached were apparently broken both by Sunni preachers and by Shias who tried to take out some unlicensed additional processions on 9 Muharram.87Close On 10 Muharram (3 June), the main azdr procession was attacked with stones, sticks and knives when passing in front of the Unch Masjid near the Bhatti Gate of the Old City. al-Muballigh 7/4:32 (May 1963); Razkr 26/15:3 (16 April 1963); 26/16:3+7 (24 April 1963). An article in the July 1968 issue of al-Muballigh praised Qizilbash and the APSC Vice-Chairman S. Hadi Ali Shah Bukhari for their role in foiling attempts to nationalise the Dr ul-Ulm (al-Muballigh 12/6:23). He was dubbed Khatb-i l-i Yazd or something like that instead of Khatb-i l-i Muhammad. While the Jmiat ul-Muntazar rose to the first rank among the Shia madris in Pakistan in 1971, the Dr ul-Ulm Muhammadya Sargodha maintained its leading position until at least the mid-1960s. S. Abid Husain, a leading landlord of Jhang.16Close The Secretary-General of the ITHS, Muzaffar Ali Shamsi, for his part, was an enthusiastic supporternot to say a flattererof Ayub Khans regime right from the start.17Close In his report on the organisations activities during the preceding years read at an ITHS convention in Lahore (79 April 1961) he said, among other things: The era of martial law has become a blessing for the ITHS, and it has forced those who had conspired against it to retreat from politics.18Close The government of Ayub Khan has destroyed their dream in a humiliating way Now this group of conspirators are passing their days in retirement, while the ITHS is still alive by the grace of God and is performing the task of a spokesman of the Shias very well like before , God be praised, our present ruler is following a neutral policy in religious affairs and is giving complete freedom to all Pakistani citizens of different faiths the sectarian atmosphere in the country has become quite calm, and the situation is improving rapidly.