The exact arrangements vary. The private firms Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent have managed to compete globally with multinational corporations in new and emerging high-tech fields by balancing state backing with private sector innovation and resources. Nor can the possibility of direct U.S.-China conflict be dismissed should there be another Korean War. Each year they provide a transparent annual report regarding finances and funding. Although news accounts describe Ren as reclusive, West writes, he found Ren charming, articulate, and funny. (Huawei didnt respond to multiple requests for comment.). But the Indo-Pacific is also bedeviled by security challenges: rising tensions in the Taiwan Strait, North Koreas intensified nuclear and missile programs, and the military coup in Myanmar. As developing Asia continues to make strides with an outward looking economic model, the vast majority of the worlds middle class is expected to live in this region. In its response to the department, CIUS explained that, although it seeks to foster awareness of CI programs, it does not fund, supply, staff, supervise or serve as a headquarters for CIs in the U.S. As a registered nonprofit corporation, its financials and related organizational details are publicly available through annual IRS Form 990s. How important is Europe for Americas China policy? The CIUS, no longer directly funded by Chinas MOE, is well positioned to serve as both a visa agent to help ensure appropriate visas are obtained and a clearinghouse for information on Chinese teachers and administrators working in CIs. An estimated 51 CIs, 44 of them campus-based, continue to operate, down from a peak of 110 throughout the country. How does direct diplomacy with China impact Americas ability to create favorable external conditions for influencing Chinas choices, and vice versa? That move not only deepens tensions between the United States and China, but also highlights why U.S. government officials view Huawei as a problematic company. He is also Special Advisor to the CEO of the Asia Group, Research Director for the McCain Institute's Kissinger Fellowship Series on U.S.-China Relations, and an Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security. In contrast, a 2018 joint Hoover Institute-Asia Society study of Chinese influence activities in the U.S., which acknowledged concerns that campus-based CIs might potentially infringe on academic freedomand made similar recommendations to reduce potential risksfound no actual interference by CIs in mainstream Chinese studies curricula on U.S. campuses and that most CIs operate without controversy. Chinese smart cities provide another example of Chinas ability to derive something innovative from pre-existing technologies. Deterring a cross-Strait conflict: Beijings assessment of evolving US strategy. The author thanks James Haynes, former Research Assistant, and intern Jingye Huang - Foreign Policy, John L. Thornton China Center, The Brookings Institution, and Mia Shuang Li and research assistant Claire Ren Yixin of the Yale Law School Paul Tsai China Center, for valuable research assistance and insights. Ensuring a good environment for development is in the interest of both super-powers because a world of poverty and slow growth is likely to be full of conflict. Confrontation, competition, and cooperation between the U.S. and China will affect the environment for global economic growth, especially growth and poverty reduction in the developing world in the decades to come. For the United States, strategic competition with China will be a defining feature of the 21st century. The Declaration also contains references to softer issues, like deforestation and societal benefits of decarbonization, along with technological issues like the circular economy and carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration. The era of U.S.-China cooperation is drawing to a closeWhat comes next? How does the Sino-Russia relationship enhance each countrys power globally and vis--vis the United States? Methane is a short-lived, but very potent greenhouse gas. China has been the worlds largest builder of renewable energy capacity for years now and certainly has lessons learned on how to integrate variable renewables into the larger grid. Over 30 of the universities, as well as the College Board, that ended CI partnerships since 2017 did so under political pressure that threatened loss of federal fundingnot over concerns of Chinese interference or declining interest. Regardless, CIUS could usefully serve as a visa sponsor, as do some states and nonprofits like the Cordell Hull Foundation, for U.S.-based CIs. Successful and efficacious policy will come about only if we avoid mirror imaging and assess China within the confines of its own capabilities and limitations. Its analysis of governance and secrecy provisions in 90 CI agreements found that U.S. university personnel generally control curriculum and teaching materials, although this is not always made clear in agreements. U.S.-based China and Taiwan-oriented groups also offer various Chinese education, culture and teacher training courses, as well as teaching of Chinese dialects and traditional Chinese characters still used in Taiwan and Hong Kong. This working group will look at the following issues: The working group will produce a set of specific recommendations, some for China and the U.S. to pursue unilaterally and others for them to pursue collaboratively. The U.S. government launched an initiative with Taiwan in December 2020 to expand existing Mandarin language opportunities in the U.S. and help fill a gap created by CI closings. According to Open Secrets, Brookings has donated 96% or $824,259 to Democratic candidates and causes since 1990. Our group seeks to explore the following questions: Our broader work will include research on the strategic and military significance of Chinese incorporation of Taiwan into its territory as well as work on integrated deterrence and on forecasting war outcomes over Taiwan. It wasnt long ago that many U.S. government officials and China experts still clung to the idea that Chinese innovation was mostly based on copying U.S. methods and technology. The reported ranges examined by The Post were $50,000-$99,999; $100,000-$249,999;. Can the U.S. and China manage their relationship in a way that allows for collaboration on climate and energy challenges? Yet the U.S. is facing a critical shortage of Mandarin-speaking China experts. From human rights to energy to trade and beyond, how is China approaching global norms and norm development? As my colleague at the Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET) Anna Puglisi has written, discussions surrounding China as a strategic competitor have been shaped by the notion that only democracy can promote innovation and creativity, that a market economy provides the only route to success, and that innovation derives from the private sector. About the Tax Policy Center. Broadly, can the U.S. and China find a way to cooperate on energy and climate issues amidst their strained relationship? The Declaration is a good start, but is intentionally vague, generally restating the existing commitments and policies of the two countries. Where if at all does the United States derive benefit from its interdependence with China, and where is it vulnerable from its interdependence with China? [2] This project is a 135MW gas to power plant by Sinohydro (a brand of Power Construction Corporation of China) and Supreme Trading. Enjoying broad bipartisan support, the CHIPS provisions of the legislation stipulate $52 billion toward renewing the heavily outsourced U.S. semiconductor manufacturing sector and bolstering U.S. chip research and development activities. What are the range of Chinese actions in the Indo-Pacific that challenge U.S. security and economic interests as well as those that leave room for coordination and cooperation? What are the key dynamics and salient issues at play in Chinas relationship with the region? Technology is perhaps the most intense realm of competition between the United States and China today, and artificial intelligence (AI) is central to that contest. Chinas MOE reorganized the CI project in June 2020, implementing a CCP-approved reform plan to develop CIs as a significant force for cultural and educational exchange with other countries. West joined Brookings in 2008. Even before Xi, the Medium- to Long-Term Plan for Science and Technology Development (MLP), released in 2006, states that building an innovation-oriented country is a major strategic choice for Chinas future development. However, the overwhelming desire of the leaders in both nations to work together to counter American dominance has brought them increasingly closer together in recent years. It will also explore whether the great powers can cooperate on common global challenges such as climate change, pandemics, and nuclear non-proliferation. Beyond WeChat, China is now home to many of the worlds leading fintech companies, including Ant Financial and JD Finance, among others. Just as it would be a disservice to not mention the background, for example, of the Open Society Institute, funded by billionaire financier George Soros, who advocates a left-of-center agenda.. ), Between July 2016 and June 2018, Huawei gave at least $300,000 to Brookings, via FutureWei Technologies, Inc., a U.S.-based subsidiary of the company, according to Brookings' annual reports. At stake are core democratic values that underpin free and open societies. Emily Weinstein is a research analyst with the Center for Security and Emerging Technology at Georgetown University. According to a 2020 report from SOS International, IBM initially helped to advance the smart city concept in China. Individuals are able to do almost anything using the app, from ordering food and paying bills to filing for divorce and applying for visas. the European Union and African Union) that play major roles in the diplomacy of global order and organization. Application Deadline: December 1, 2021. Meanwhile, Chinese students are required to learn English from elementary school and as a requirement to gain admission to, and in many cases graduate from, college, with an estimated 400 million Chineseincluding front-line military troopsnow learning English. The China challenge and critical next steps for the United States, Foreign Policy Media fpmedia@brookings.edu, U.S.-China Joint Glasgow Declaration on Enhancing Climate Action in the 2020s. Both countries have advanced universities and research labs. Chinese leadership appears to have recognized the potential constraints early on and has worked to adapt the Chinese system to combine the innovative aspects of capitalism with more rigid, traditional socialist features. Huaweis website posted a story entitled Brookings Institution releases report ranking global cities on public safety innovation at Huawei Asia Pacific Innovation Day 2017, featuring a photo of West speaking. An influential 2017 study of 12 CIs by the National Association of Scholars identified a range of concerns including transparency, contractual language, academic freedom and pressure to self-censor. Looking to the longer term, there is a need for more development finance to support infrastructure and other public services. The person who wrote the Safe Cities report (along with a former Brookings intern) is Darrell M. West, Brookings vice president and founding director of its Center for Technology Innovation. Perhaps the most important example of Chinas efforts to innovate technologicallyand in key ways surpass the United Statesis WeChat. Hopes were high when President Xi Jinping appointed Xie Zhenhua as Chinas special envoy for climate change. A list of specific, actionable foreign policy ideas for the next president, enforce a foreign gift reporting requirement, initiated by 27 Chinese universities, companies and social organizations, effectively controlled by the Chinese government that funds it. Finally, Europe wields power globally by enhancing the role of the European Union, which is powerful on international economic issues while remaining weak as a security actor (although the massive and unprovoked Russian military assault against Ukraine in February 2022 stimulated calls for much greater European efforts on defense). U.S. experts and policymakers cannot operate under the flawed and debunked assumption that China cannot innovate in these emerging technologies. It remains too soon to determine whether these interdependencies will mitigate or intensify rivalry. Has US-China rivalry passed a tipping point? To be sure, some private U.S. NGOs offer Mandarin learning, including an Asia Society program with 35,000 students studying Chinese in 100 K-12 schools around the country that are linked with sister schools in China. It urged closing all CIs and suggested prudential measures for universities that refused to do so. (Huawei contributed between $100,000 and $249,000 to Brookings from July 2012 to June 2013.). The Institution's founder, philanthropist Robert S. Brookings (1850-1932), originally created three organizations: the Institute for Government Research, the Institute of Economics (with funds from the Carnegie Corporation ), and the Robert Brookings Graduate School affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis. What is the proper balance between working to create external incentives and disincentives that move China in Americas preferred directions, and dealing directly with China to influence how they define and pursue their interests? More broadly, the U.S. government also has an urgent interest in stabilizing the U.S.-China relationship so that the two countries can work together constructively to meet common challenges. CI partnerships also became embroiled in a Department of Education (DOE) initiative to enforce a foreign gift reporting requirement. Rather than copying capitalist systems like that of the United States, the Chinese government has sought to create a system that, through various formal and informal channels, promotes connectivity between state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and nominally private Chinese enterprises. What can the U.S. and its democratic partners do to ensure that the next generation of AI technologies have democratic values such as privacy, transparency, and verifiability baked in by design? Chinas investments in smart cities have yielded a major windfall. This piece originally appeared in Lawfare. Lindsey W. Ford, Tarun Chhabra, and Ryan Hass, A conversation on the US approach to the Peoples Republic of China with Deputy Secretary of State Wendy R. Sherman, Global China: US-China relations through the lens of technology competition, Global China: US-China relations through the lens of great power competition, Global China: Assessing Chinas growing role in the world, Global China: Assessing Beijings growing influence in the international system, Global China: Examining Chinas approach to global governance and norms, Global China Webinar: Assessing Chinas growing regional influence and strategy, Webinar: Global China Assessing Chinas technological reach in the world, Global China: Assessing Chinas relations with the great powers, Global China: Assessing Chinas role in East Asia, Global China: Assessing Chinas growing role in the world and implications for U.S.-China strategic competition, Chinas choices and the fate of the post-post-Cold War era, Ukraine presents opportunity to test Chinas strategic outlook, Around the halls: Implications of Russias invasion of Ukraine, Pavel K. Baev, Jessica Brandt, Vanda Felbab-Brown, Jeremy Greenwood, Samantha Gross, Daniel S. Hamilton, Bruce Jones, Marvin Kalb, Patricia M. Kim, Suzanne Maloney, Amy J. Nelson, Thomas Pickering, Bruce Riedel, Natan Sachs, Constanze Stelzenmller, Caitlin Talmadge, Shibley Telhami, David G. Victor, and Andrew Yeo, Learning the right lessons from Ukraine for Taiwan, Ryan Hass, Patricia M. Kim, Emilie Kimball, Jessica Brandt, David Dollar, Cameron F. Kerry, Aaron Klein, Joshua P. Meltzer, Chris Meserole, Amy J. Nelson, Pavneet Singh, Melanie W. Sisson, and Thomas Wright, Global China: Assessing Chinas Growing Role in the World, Edited by Tarun Chhabra, Rush Doshi, Ryan Hass, and Emilie Kimball, Balancing act: Major powers and the global response to US-China great power competition, Fiona Hill, Tanvi Madan, Amanda Sloat, Mireya Sols, Constanze Stelzenmller, Bruce Jones, Emilie Kimball, Jesse I. Kornbluth, and Ted Reinert, Playing with fire: Italy, China, and Europe, Charts of the Week: Chinas rising economic and military spending, Rethinking US-China competition: Next generation perspectives, Tarun Chhabra, Rush Doshi, Ryan Hass, Mira Rapp-Hooper, Bruce Jones, and Will Moreland. As of 2017, the Brookings Institution had . Drug Trafficking & Counter-Narcotics Policy, Fentanyl: A triangle of sadness (US, Mexico, and China), Assessing Chinas Influence in South Asia. The U.S. Indo-Pacific Command believes it plausible that China could attempt a forced reunification with Taiwan by the latter years of the 2020s; whatever Beijings actual plans, Taiwan politics interject an additional element into the strategic equation, beyond the ability of either Washington or Beijing to control. How might a global China use economic sanctions? To some extent, they werent entirely wrong. What are Americas most fundamental interests in its relationship with China and what are desirable but secondary interests with China? But we will also examine Chinese use of diplomatic and economic instruments to shape and in some cases subvert the workings of regional organizations (e.g. In the past, many analysts have been skeptical of the potential for deep cooperation between two countries that have had difficult relations historically. That includes both techniques for pushing back against growing Chinese influence, but also possibly strategies for advancing the use of global order frameworks as devices for helping to manage the bilateral relationship. Boards of directors composed of university officials and faculty from each side exercise general oversight. At the same time, Beijing also . According to a 2018 article from the Ministry of Education, China relies on imports for 35 key technologies that it is unable to produce domestically in sufficient quality or quantity. On March 5, the U.S. Senate voted to deny Department of Education funding to universities that host Confucius Institutes (CIs)the controversial Chinese language and culture centers partially financed by the Peoples Republic of China (PRC)unless they meet oversight requirements. Despite the huge amount of capital (estimated to be upwards of $150 billion USD from 2014 through 2030) and resources that Beijing has poured into bolstering Chinas domestic semiconductor manufacturing capacity, many of the countrys leading firms are struggling to realize the governments goals. If U.S. policymakers operate under the supposition that China will merely continue to copy American technologies, strategies, and processes, they will fundamentally misunderstand Chinas strategic intentions. In August 2020, the Department of State designated the Confucius Institute U.S. Center (CIUS) as a foreign mission, effectively controlled by the Chinese government that funds it. The CI project is intended to promote a favorable understanding of China, but CIs do not enjoy a monopoly over information available on campuses, and based on interviews and at least one study, any concerns that American students will be brainwashed by CCP propaganda, delivered through CIs or otherwise, are overblown. What are other worthy goals that merit policy focus, but that fall below must have priorities with respect to China? How are Chinas relations with other great powers creating opportunities and challenges for Beijing as it pursues its foreign policy objectives vis--vis the United States, and what will this mean for U.S. relations with the great powers? How are they distinguished from desirable but secondary objectives? That formidable task requires the U.S. to foster more realistic and actionable expectations, criticisms and commitments, rather than policies and actions based on an alarmist China caricature that does not reflect the more complex reality of that country, its people and its behavior abroad. In 2014, the scholars John Delury and Orville Schell opined that the Chinese party-state had continued to shock the world with its ability to change course and prevail, despite its rigidities and constraints. The alleged details of that journey, which leaked out via a federal search warrant application that was inadvertently made public last week, have cost Allen his $1-million-a-year job, upended. In October 2017, the Brookings Institution, one of Washington's most prestigious think tanks, published a report entitled "Benefits and Best Practices of Safe City Innovation." The report. For the United States, it is about protecting a crucial democratic friend, and perhaps also reducing the odds that China could gain a strategic asset. Early attempts to impose political requirements for CIs to support the One China Principle or refrain from discussing Tibet, for example, were rejected. Technology is a huge component of this rivalry, particularly as both China and the United States push to set the standards in key emerging technology fields like 5G, quantum computing, and more. World Bank, ITU, WHO, WIPO). Disturbances in the financial system, especially the U.S. one, lead to crises in the developing world. A State Department report on the China challenge calls for the U.S. to train a new generation of public servants and policy thinkers to attain fluency in Chinese and acquire extensive knowledge of Chinas culture and history. West has spoken at several Huawei events. The federal government and Congress should work to protect our national security in a manner that does not impinge on the academic freedom or institutional autonomy they also seek to protect.

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